Dab tsi yog Fume Hood siv rau?

Dab tsi yog fume hood siv rau?

Lub fume hood, tseem hu ua fume cupboard lossis hood hood, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv chav kuaj, chaw tshawb fawb, thiab chaw tsim khoom. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pa phem, cov pa phem, plua plav, thiab vapors uas yuav raug tsim los ntawm ntau yam kev sim thiab kev sim. Lub fume hood ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ntes, muaj, thiab tshem tawm cov khoom phom sij no, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm rau cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij.

Keeb Kwm thiab Kev Txhim Kho

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub fume hood hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 19th thaum lub kiv puag ncig kev lag luam ua rau muaj kev vam meej hauv chemistry thiab science. Raws li kev sim tshuaj lom neeg tau dhau los ua nyuaj thiab muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai, qhov xav tau rau cov tshuab ua pa zoo los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom tseeb. Thawj fume hoods muaj cov ntoo yooj yooj yim lossis hlau enclosures nrog cov kav dej tawm sab nraud. Lawv kuj yog ib qho yooj yim thiab txwv nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm zoo.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, fume hoods hloov zuj zus thiab txhim kho tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, kev qhia txog cov tshuab cua nrog cov kiv cua thiab cov tshuab tshuab tau hloov pauv qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub fume hood. Cov tshuab no tso cai rau kev ntes tau zoo dua thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem. Raws li kev nkag siab ntawm airflows thiab ntim tau txhim kho, kev tsim qauv tsim tau zoo dua qub, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li baffles, sashes, thiab hloov pauv huab cua ntim tswj.

Cheebtsam thiab Tsim

Ib qho fume hood muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov no suav nrog:

1. Npog: Lub kaw lus, feem ntau ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis fiberglass, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom phom sij rau hauv ib puag ncig. Nws yog tsim los kom muaj thiab coj cov airflow mus rau lub tso pa system.

2. Sash: Lub sash yog pob tshab zawv zawg vaj huam sib luag nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm fume hood. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg siv thiab cov tshuaj, ua kom cov neeg siv kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm kev kho lub sash txoj hauj lwm, lub airflow thiab ntim nyob rau hauv lub fume hood tuaj yeem tswj tau.

3. Exhaust system: Lub tshuab tso pa tawm, muaj cov kiv cua, tshuab tshuab, thiab cov kav dej, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa paug tawm ntawm lub hood. Nws tsim tsis zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub enclosure, coj cov airflow mus rau lub tso pa system, thiab thaum kawg sab nraum lub tsev.

4. Baffles: Baffles yog ntsug lossis kab rov tav vaj huam sib luag hauv lub fume hood uas pab tswj thiab tswj cov cua ntws. Lawv xyuas kom meej tias cov huab cua txav tsis sib xws thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob rov nkag mus rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm.

5. Airflow saib: Qee cov fume hoods niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog lub ntsuas cua uas ntsuas thiab qhia txog huab cua tshaj tawm thiab ntim. Cov yam ntxwv no pab ua kom cov cua ntws zoo thiab muab qhov qhia tau yog tias lub hood ua haujlwm raug.

Kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub fume hood yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb nws daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab hom tshuaj siv. Cov yam ntxwv xws li hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov kub thiab txias, av noo, thiab cov cua yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua tau zoo.

Hom Fume Hoods

Muaj ntau ntau hom fume hoods muaj, txhua tus tsim los rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau. Feem ntau hom muaj xws li:

1. Ducted fume hood: Qhov no yog hom fume hood feem ntau siv thiab siv dav. Nws txuas nrog lub tshuab tso pa tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm duct, uas tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab cov pa paug tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Ducted fume hoods muab cov khoom ntim zoo heev thiab tsim nyog rau kev tuav ntau yam khoom phom sij.

2. Ductless fume hood: Ductless fume hoods, tseem hu ua recirculating fume hoods los yog lim fume hoods, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov tso pa tawm. Hloov chaw, lawv siv cov lim los yog sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lim dej kom tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob tsis zoo ua ntej rov ua pa rov qab rau hauv chav kuaj. Lawv yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub ductwork lossis rau cov chaw uas muaj qhov txwv.

3. Variable air volume (VAV) fume hood: VAV fume hoods suav nrog kev tswj hwm uas kho cov cua ntws raws li txoj haujlwm sash thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Thaum lub sash kaw tag nrho, lub airflow yog txo kom txuag tau lub zog, thiab thaum lub sash qhib, lub airflow yog nce kom tswj kom zoo. VAV fume hoods muaj zog ntau dua piv rau cov cua ntws tsis tu ncua.

4. Perchloric acid fume hood: Cov fume hoods tshwj xeeb no tau tsim tshwj xeeb los tswj cov kev sim uas muaj perchloric acid, uas yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntxiv. Perchloric acid hoods tau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab mob siab rau lub tshuab ntxuav kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntsev perchlorate uas muaj peev xwm tawg tau.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tseem ceeb

Kev siv cov fume hoods hauv chav kuaj thiab chaw tsim khoom muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, suav nrog:

1. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub fume hood yog los tiv thaiv cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov pa phem thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Nws pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ua pa, hluav taws kub nyhiab, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntev rau cov tshuaj lom.

2. Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig: Fume hoods ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kom huv thiab nyab xeeb ib puag ncig los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tso tawm cov tshuaj phem rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub tshuab tso pa tawm tau zoo ntes thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem, txo qhov cuam tshuam rau huab cua zoo thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa phem.

3. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub thiab tawg: Ntau yam tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam muaj peev xwm ignite los yog tawg nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Fume hoods muab qhov chaw tswj hwm uas pab muaj thiab cuam tshuam cov nplaim hluav taws xob, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws thiab tawg.

4. Kev tswj kev kis kab mob: Kev tuav lub chaw ua haujlwm kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tsis muaj paug yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam. Fume hoods tsim kev thaiv ntawm tus neeg siv thiab cov tshuaj, tiv thaiv kev sib kis thiab ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev sim thiab cov txheej txheem.

5. Kev cai ua raws cai: Kev siv cov fume hoods feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub cev thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog ib qho kev cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw txiav txim kom muaj fume hoods ntsia thaum tuav cov khoom phom sij lossis ua qee yam kev sim.

6. Yooj yim: Fume hoods tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau ntau yam kev siv thiab kev sim. Nrog rau ntau hom thiab kev teeb tsa muaj, lawv muab cov kev hloov pauv uas xav tau los ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm chav kuaj sib txawv.

Kev tu thiab kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws

Kev saib xyuas kom raug thiab ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm fume hoods. Qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb suav nrog:

1. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua: Fume hoods yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kom paub meej tias txhua yam khoom ua haujlwm raug. Txhua yam teeb meem lossis qhov txawv txav yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd.

2. Kev ntsuam xyuas ib ntus: Kev ntsuas huab cua, kev kuaj xyuas lub ntsej muag, thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua ib ntus txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub hood fume. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no pab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub fume hood ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb uas xav tau.

3. Kev siv kom raug: Cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia hauv kev ua haujlwm kom raug ntawm cov fume hoods, suav nrog yuav ua li cas qhib thiab kaw lub sash kom zoo, kho cov cua ntws, thiab tswj cov khoom phom sij. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb lossis cov lus qhia hauv qhov chaw.

4. Kev tu vaj tse zoo: Ua kom lub fume hood huv si thiab tsis muaj clutter yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj nws cov hauj lwm zoo. Txhua qhov nchuav los yog xau yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tam sim ntawd, thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov khoom tsis tsim nyog uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov huab cua.

5. Hloov lim: Rau ductless fume hoods, tsis tu ncua hloov cov ntxaij lim dej yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej pom pom efficiency. Lub lim tiam hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua raws li txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob lim dej thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam cov kab mob.

6. Qhov cua kom raug: Kev ua kom txaus hauv chav tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum siv cov fume hoods. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm lub tshuab tso pa hauv zos, xws li cov tshuaj fume extractors thiab biosafety txee, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm.

Hauv kev xaus, lub fume hood yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv chav kuaj thiab chaw tsim khoom los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pa phem, gases, thiab vapors. Nws yog tsim los ntes thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj no, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm rau cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Ntau hom thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm fume hoods muaj pub rau kev hloov kho raws li kev thov tshwj xeeb. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, siv kom raug, thiab ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm fume hoods.